Description

TABLE OF CONTENTS

Executive summary (4)

1. New regulations and initiatives discussed this month (5)

1.1. Europe (5)

1.2. North America (7)

2. Project updates and announcements (8)

2.1. Overview of the 2022 & 2023 market for utility-scale energy storage projects (8)

2.2. Projects announced or contracted this month (9)

2.3. Projects commissioned this month (10)

2.4. Tenders this month (11)

3. Focus of the month: Challenges of using LFP batteries (12)

3.1. The LFP battery era (12)

3.2.  LFP batteries: features and limitations (13)

3.3. Best practicies in the design and operation on LFP-based energy storage systems (19)

TABLE OF FIGURES

Figure 1 - Utility-scale energy storage projects announced/contracted and commissioned in 2022 and 2023 (ongoing) (8)

Figure 2: evolution of NMC vs LFP (12)

Figure 3: Typical degradation curves of NMC and LFP batteries (13)

Figure 4: Open circuit voltage curves for four Li-ion chemistries (14)

Figure 5: Evolution of the SOC estimation error as a function of the number of cycles (15)

Figure 6: illustrative 30 MW / 60 MWh Battery Energy Storage System (16)

Figure 7: Difference between real and estimated SOC at 50% SOC (16)

Figure 8: Difference between real and estimated SOC at 30% SOC (17)

Figure 9: Situation at the end of the discharge: one subsystem stops before the others (17)

Figure 10: illustrative capacity losses and operational margins from nominal capacity to useable AC capacity (19)